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Passenger Transport 2025

6.1 Transport of passengers by mode in EU 27, 1995-2023 (billion pkm)

Passenger Cars P2W Bus & Coach Railway Tram & Metro Air Sea Total
1995 3 286  108  468  313  64  237  23 4 500
1996 3 346  110  473  315  65  251  23 4 583
1997 3 415  114  476  313  65  267  22 4 673
1998 3 509  118  479  312  66  280  22 4 786
1999 3 613  121  480  317  67  291  22 4 911
2000 3 662  99  497  339  68  313  21 5 000
2001 3 736  103  496  340  69  311  22 5 076
2002 3 791  105  493  332  69  305  22 5 117
2003 3 827  108  496  327  70  317  22 5 167
2004 3 879  111  501  332  72  338  22 5 255
2005 3 896  115  498  340  73  361  21 5 304
2006 3 928  114  498  349  75  376  21 5 362
2007 3 985  110  508  353  76  392  21 5 446
2008 3 999  114  515  367  79  376  22 5 472
2009 4 074  112  490  359  78  355  22 5 491
2010 4 035  114  483  358  81  371  22 5 463
2011 4 006  118  486  364  81  402  20 5 477
2012 3 966  115  482  367  82  396  19 5 428
2013 4 023  115  481  372  82  400  19 5 492
2014 4 063  117  476  376  83  420  19 5 555
2015 4 160  117  491  381  81  445  19 5 695
2016 4 250  119  494  388  83  485  18 5 838
2017 4 275  112  475  401  85  530  20 5 898
2018 4 299  107  479  406  87  562  21 5 960
2019 4 351  115  484  419  87  575  21 6 053
2020 3 532  101  292  225  51  176  11 4 387
2021 3 903  107  331  261  54  270  14 4 940
2022 4 118  108  404  395  69  511  19 5 625
2023 4 272  117  428  437  74  582  21 5 932
1995 -2023 30.0% 8.4% -8.6% 39.9% 15.8% 145.3% -9.0% 31.8%
per year 0.9% 0.3% -0.3% 1.2% 0.5% 3.3% -0.3% 1.0%
2000-2023 16.7% 18.1% -13.8% 29.2% 8.9% 85.7% -3.1% 18.6%
per year 0.7% 0.7% -0.6% 1.1% 0.5% 2.7% -0.1% 0.7%
2022-2023 3.7% 8.1% 6.0% 10.8% 6.7% 13.9% 6.2% 5.4%

Source: EC
Notes:

Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport; estimates for air and for sea based on Eurostat data. The time series for maritime activity from 1995 to 2004 and for aviation activity from 1995 to 2007 have been recalibrated by DG MOVE in line with the new EU-27 figures to avoid break in series.
P2W: Powered two-wheelers

6.2 Evolution of passenger transport by mode in EU 27, 1995-2023

Source: EC
Notes:
Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport; estimates for air and for sea based on Eurostat data. The time series for maritime activity from 1995 to 2004 and for aviation activity from 1995 to 2007 have been recalibrated by DG MOVE in line with the new EU-27 figures to avoid break in series.

6.3 Passenger transport modal split in EU 27, 2023 (pkm in %)

Source: EC
Notes:
Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport; estimates for air and for sea based on Eurostat data. The time series for maritime activity from 1995 to 2004 and for aviation activity from 1995 to 2007 have been recalibrated by DG MOVE in line with the new EU-27 figures to avoid break in series.
P2W: Powered two-wheelers

6.4 Modal split of passenger transport on land by country in EU countries, 2023 ( billion pkm and pkm in %)

Passenger cars*
(billion pkm)		 Passenger  cars (%) Buses and coaches
(billion pkm)		 Buses and coaches (%)   Railways
(billion pkm)		 Railways (%) Urban rail
(tram & metro)
(billion pkm)		 Urban rail
(tram & metro) (%)		 TOTAL
(billion pkm)
BE 105.3 79.54 13.5 10.17 12.3 9.32 1.3 0.01 132.4
BG 59.0 85.98 7.0 10.14 1.6 2.32 1.1 0.02 68.6
CZ 89.5 76.92 11.7 10.02 10.0 8.59 5.2 0.04 116.4
DK 62.3 81.22 7.8 10.21 6.0 7.87 0.5 0.01 76.7
DE 863.6 83.78 50.2 4.87 101.4 9.84 15.6 0.02 1030.8
EE 14.7 83.14 2.5 13.95 0.4 2.31 0.1 0.01 17.6
IE 59.8 79.24 13.2 17.53 2.2 2.96 0.2 0.00 75.5
EL 109.4 83.83 18.9 14.49 0.7 0.52 1.5 0.01 130.5
ES 396.2 82.36 42.2 8.76 34.6 7.20 8.0 0.02 481.0
FR 760.8 81.72 52.9 5.68 107.0 11.49 10.4 0.01 931.0
HR 24.0 82.91 3.5 12.01 1.1 3.94 0.3 0.01 29.0
IT 674.2 82.67 80.8 9.91 54.8 6.72 5.7 0.01 815.5
CY 7.3 83.50 1.5 16.50 –  — –  — 8.8
LV 13.4 83.83 1.9 11.82 0.6 3.83 0.1 0.01 16.0
LT 34.8 92.13 2.6 6.83 0.4 1.04 –  — 37.8
LU 8.3 81.63 1.4 13.42 0.5 4.95 0.1  — 10.2
HU 78.3 73.48 15.1 14.14 10.4 9.76 2.8 0.03 106.6
MT 2.8 82.05 0.6 17.95 –  — –  — 3.4
NL 136.1 84.85 4.3 2.68 19.2 11.97 0.8 0.01 160.4
AT 81.4 72.21 10.1 8.94 14.4 11.40 6.8 0.06 112.7
PL 247.9 80.93 28.5 9.30 25.8 6.70 4.2 0.01 306.4
PT 100.5 87.21 8.6 7.43 4.8 4.10 1.3 0.01 115.2
RO 124.0 77.91 24.5 15.39 6.2 4.50 4.5 0.03 159.2
SI 24.7 85.52 3.4 11.92 0.7 2.50 –  — 28.9
SK 30.2 77.50 4.9 12.45 3.5 7.00 0.4 0.01 39.0
FI 61.0 82.33 7.3 9.85 5.2 5.20 0.6 0.01 74.1
SE 102.7 80.29 9.6 7.51 13.3 8.90 2.3 0.02 127.9
EU 27 4272.36 81.98% 428.14 8.21% 437.30 8.39% 73.90 1.42% 5,211.70

Source: national statistics, International Transport Forum, Eurostat, , study for DG Energy and Transport

6.5 Passenger vehicles in EU countries, 2023

Stock of registered
passenger cars
(thousand)		 Stock of registered
PTW
(thousand)		 Stock of registered buses & coaches (thousand)
BE 6,047.6 828.0 16.5
BG 3,006.2 238.8 17.9
CZ 6,512.8 1,788.0 22.1
DK 2,827.9 195.7 10.8
DE 49,098.7 4,992.6 84.6
EE 865.8 70.3 5.2
IE 2,404.1 48.6 14.1
EL 5,877.8 1,782.0 26.6
ES 26,778.1 5,955.3 67.4
FR 39,258.6 2,910.3 93.9
HR 1,910.1 174.8 5.8
IT 40,915.2 10,508.9 100.1
CY 625.6 43.2 3.1
LV 781.7 77.3 4.0
LT 1,700.5 87.7 7.6
LU 453.6 36.0 2.6
HU 4,168.7 221.4 17.5
MT 323.9 44.1 2.5
NL 9,067.4 1,891.7 8.7
AT 5,185.0 947.5 10.4
PL 21,796.9 3,382.0 132.4
PT 5,847.6 825.7 16.5
RO 8,106.6 208.7 56.0
SI 1,230.6 162.1 2.9
SK 2,644.4 178.5 8.7
FI 3,718.3 659.6 19.6
SE 4,976.4 740.8 14.3
EU 27 256,129.9 38,999.5 771.8

Source: EC

6.6 Passenger cars per 1.000 inhabitants in EU countries, 2024

Motorisation (number of passenger cars per 1.000 inhabitants)
BE 513
BG 484
CZ 608
DK 478
DE 590
EE 635
IE 466
EL 579
ES 544
FR 576
HR 513
IT 701
CY 661
LV 424
LT 598
LU 670
HU 447
MT 576
NL 513
AT 569
PL 611
PT 567
RO 444
SI 587
SK 502
FI 666
SE 470
EU 27 576

Source: Eurostat

6.7 Motorcycle registrations in EU countries, 2016-2024

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
BE 26,015 22,948 25,281 25,503 26,727 26,645 25,563 25,490 29,495
BG 850 829 900 970 824 1,106 1,464 2,096 2,837
CZ 17,842 15,915 17,268 18,697 21,508 22,011 23,137 24,150 27,038
DK 2,987 2,834 3,465 3,208 3,678 3,814 3,163 2,686 2,782
DE 182,066 138,286 153,287 163,370 216,401 195,257 217,866 216,649 244,886
EE 1,145 671 708 824 913 1,132 1,536 1,611 1,514
IE 1,435 1,310 1,369 1,881 1,618 2,256 2,753 2,877 2,760
EL 41,486 28,852 33,377 38,109 35,464 44,437 55,662 65,814 77,979
ES 159,640 143,398 163,035 181,760 159,982 171,775 182,294 206,151 229,000
FR 182,650 175,135 188,029 207,484 201,913 217,712 205,053 242,816 253,727
HR 3,740 4,436 6,057 7,164 5,971 2,155 3,325 4,850 5,767
IT 193,072 204,850 219,673 232,326 216,979 272,040 271,062 319,748 353,093
CY 1,971 1,996 2,023 1,937 2,541 2,939 2,328 2,990 3,545
LV 651 628 806 981 1,028 1,283 1,434 1,565 1,501
LT 542 489 457 589 730 1,105 1,579 1,610 1,744
LU 1,733 1,802 1,936 2,063 2,334 2,472 2,368 2,439 2,449
HU 2,356 2,384 3,126 4,160 4,347 4,681 5,274 6,689 :
MT 2,470 2,216 2,410 2,447 2,253 3,365 4,656 3,002 2,544
NL 12,575 12,740 13,062 13,962 14,558 15,267 15,472 17,467 19,852
AT 46,840 43,556 40,417 29,877 34,638 35,177 34,175 36,850 47,848
PL 25,844 15,032 14,524 19,103 21,815 21,579 23,910 27,756 39,809
PT 22,596 25,770 29,640 31,901 30,361 35,117 38,042 43,233 44,605
RO 1,957 2,107 2,692 3,908 5,811 6,220 7,778 9,144 12,972
SI 2,801 2,941 3,026 3,332 3,055 3,928 5,242 6,728 6,958
SK 5,094 4,654 4,970 5,310 5,211 5,959 7,077 7,597 8,168
FI 3,107 2,927 3,285 3,396 3,717 3,709 3,800 3,543 3,228
SE 19,842 11,990 12,669 12,772 14,410 11,954 12,099 11,626 14,900
EU 27 1,029,160 935,562 947,492 1,017,034 1,038,787 1,115,095 1,158,112 1,297,177 1,441,001

Source: Eurostat

6.8 Transport of passengers per mode - Comparison EU 27/World

Passenger transport (billion pkm) EU 27 (2023) USA (2023) Japan (2022) China (2023) Russia (2023)
Passenger car 4,272.4 7,045.7 — 474.0 —
Bus, trolley-bus and coach 427.0 603.9 44.2 — 115.9
Railway 437.3 27.6 353 1,472.9 138.0
Tram and metro 73.2 14.1 — — 44.7
Waterborne 20.7 0.7 1.8 5.4 0.7
Air (domestic/intra EU) 582.0 1,244.8 86.4 1,030.9 264.7

Source: Eurostat, Japan Statistics Bureau, US Bureau of Transportation Statisitics, Goskom STAT (Russia), National Bureau of Statistics of China, International Transport Forum

6.9 Motorisation: Comparison EU 27/ World, 2023 ( cars/ 1000 inhabitants)

Source: EC

6.10 Passenger Transport volume and modal split 1995-2023 ( Billion passenger-kilometres)

Source: EC