Passenger Transport 2023

6.1 Transport of passengers by mode in EU 27, 1995-2020 (billion pkm)

	Passenger Cars	P2W	Bus&Coach	Railway	Tram & metro	Air	Sea	Total
1995	3 284	108	468	313	64	237	23	4 496
1996	3 343	110	473	315	65	251	23	4 580
1997	3 412	114	476	313	65	267	22	4 670
1998	3 507	118	478	312	66	280	22	4 783
1999	3 611	121	479	317	67	291	22	4 908
2000	3 660	99	496	339	68	313	21	4 997
2001	3 734	103	496	340	69	311	22	5 074
2002	3 789	105	493	332	69	305	22	5 115
2003	3 826	108	496	327	70	317	22	5 166
2004	3 878	111	500	332	72	338	22	5 254
2005	3 839	115	498	340	73	361	21	5 247
2006	3 875	114	498	349	75	376	21	5 308
2007	3 921	110	508	353	76	392	21	5 382
2008	3 932	114	514	367	79	384	22	5 412
2009	4 009	112	490	359	79	362	22	5 433
2010	3 976	114	482	358	81	377	22	5 411
2011	3 944	118	486	364	81	409	20	5 421
2012	3 898	115	482	367	82	402	19	5 365
2013	3 957	115	481	372	82	406	19	5 432
2014	4 013	117	476	376	82	426	19	5 510
2015	4 101	117	493	382	80	452	19	5 645
2016	4 185	119	498	387	83	493	18	5 782
2017	4 229	112	479	401	84	538	20	5 863
2018	4 257	107	484	407	87	572	21	5 935
2019	4 300	111	488	421	87	585	21	6 013
2020	3 583	100	294	227	54	178	10	4 446
1995 -2020	9,1%	-7,4%	-37,3%	-27,3%	-15,6%	-25,0%	-54,6%	-1,1%
per year	0,4%	-0,3%	-1,9%	-1,3%	-0,7%	-1,2%	-3,2%	-0,0%
2000-2020	-2,1%	0,9%	-40,9%	-32,9%	-20,6%	-43,2%	-51,6%	-11,0%
per year	-0,1%	0,0%	-2,7%	-2,1%	-1,2%	-2,9%	-3,7%	-0,6%
2019-2020	-16,7%	-10,0%	-39,8%	-46,0%	-38,2%	-69,6%	-51,0%	-26,1%

Source: EC
Notes:

Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport; estimates for air and for sea based on Eurostat data. The time series for maritime activity from 1995 to 2004 and for aviation activity from 1995 to 2007 have been recalibrated by DG MOVE in line with the new EU-27 figures to avoid break in series.
P2W: Powered two-wheelers

6.2 Evolution of passenger transport by mode in EU 27, 1995-2019

Source: EC
Notes:
Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport; estimates for air and for sea based on Eurostat data. The time series for maritime activity from 1995 to 2004 and for aviation activity from 1995 to 2007 have been recalibrated by DG MOVE in line with the new EU-27 figures to avoid break in series.

6.3 Passenger transport modal split in EU 27, 2020 (pkm in %)

Source: EC
Notes
Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport; estimates for air and for sea based on Eurostat data. The time series for maritime activity from 1995 to 2004 and for aviation activity from 1995 to 2007 have been recalibrated by DG MOVE in line with the new EU-27 figures to avoid break in series.
P2W: Powered two-wheelers

6.4 Modal split of passenger transport on land by country in EU countries, 2020 ( billion pkm and pkm in %)

	Passenger cars (billion pkm)	Passenger cars (%)	Buses and coaches (billion pkm)	Buses and coaches (%)	Railways (billion pkm)	Railways (%)	Urban rail (tram & metro) (billion pkm)	Urban rail (tram & metro) (%)	TOTAL (billion pkm)
BE	93,1	84,32	8,9	8,04	7,5	6,79	0,9	0,01	110,4
BG	51,0	88,17	5,0	8,70	1,1	1,93	0,7	0,01	57,9
CZ	68,9	77,73	9,4	10,56	6,6	7,47	3,8	0,04	88,7
DK	58,5	86,95	4,5	6,76	3,9	5,86	0,3	0,00	67,3
DE	809,2	88,66	34,0	3,73	57,8	6,33	11,7	0,01	912,7
EE	12,4	86,71	1,6	10,87	0,3	1,84	0,1	0,01	14,3
IE	51,8	86,14	7,4	12,27	0,8	1,39	0,1	0,00	60,1
EL	92,7	86,04	13,3	12,36	0,6	0,59	1,1	0,01	107,7
ES	298,2	88,64	21,0	6,25	12,1	3,58	5,1	0,02	336,4
FR	629,8	85,97	37,0	5,05	59,2	8,08	6,6	0,01	732,6
HR	20,2	87,38	2,1	8,97	0,4	1,94	0,4	0,02	23,1
IT	488,3	85,29	57,8	10,09	22,3	3,89	4,2	0,01	572,5
CY	6,2	87,50	0,9	12,50	–	—	–	—	7,0
LV	14,8	88,79	1,4	8,29	0,4	2,48	0,1	0,00	16,6
LT	28,5	94,16	1,5	5,06	0,2	0,78	–	—	30,3
LU	7,1	86,56	0,8	10,17	0,3	3,28	0,0	—	8,2
HU	63,9	76,97	12,4	14,96	4,9	5,85	1,8	0,02	83,0
MT	2,4	86,06	0,4	13,94	–	—	–	—	2,8
NL	105,2	89,71	2,4	2,08	9,2	7,82	0,5	0,00	117,3
AT	65,2	73,90	8,3	9,38	7,4	11,40	7,4	0,08	88,2
PL	224,1	86,67	19,3	7,46	12,6	6,70	2,6	0,01	258,6
PT	86,7	92,37	3,9	4,19	2,6	4,10	0,7	0,01	93,9
RO	100,9	79,60	18,7	14,75	3,7	4,50	3,4	0,03	126,8
SI	24,3	91,24	2,0	7,49	0,3	2,50	–	—	26,6
SK	25,3	80,70	3,7	11,95	2,1	7,00	0,2	0,01	31,3
FI	64,1	86,29	6,8	9,15	2,8	5,20	0,6	0,01	74,3
SE	90,2	82,74	9,0	8,26	8,1	8,90	1,7	0,02	109,0
EU 27	3582,95	86,18%	293,56	7,06%	227,26	5,47%	53,88	1,30%	4.157,65

Source: national statistics, International Transport Forum, Eurostat, , study for DG Energy and Transport

6.5 Passenger vehicles in EU countries, 2020

	Stock of registered passenger cars (thousand)	Stock of registered PTW (thousand)	Stock of registered buses & coaches (thousand)
BE	5.888,6	718,6	16,4
BG	2.866,8	206,3	19,5
CZ	6.049,3	1.680,3	20,0
DK	2.723,7	195,9	12,3
DE	48.248,6	4.661,6	75,5
EE	808,7	60,7	5,3
IE	2.234,4	44,8	10,4
EL	5.492,2	1.637,6	26,5
ES	24.716,9	5.627,7	63,4
FR	38.346,3	3.058,0	93,5
HR	1.746,3	158,9	5,2
IT	39.717,9	9.630,9	99,9
CY	578,2	40,4	2,7
LV	739,1	64,4	4,1
LT	1.565,5	60,9	7,7
LU	433,2	32,2	2,3
HU	3.920,8	194,6	17,0
MT	308,4	32,1	2,2
NL	8.793,6	1.993,1	9,3
AT	5.091,8	884,5	10,1
PL	25.113,9	3.069,2	124,5
PT	5.566,0	162,1	15,2
RO	7.274,7	162,1	54,2
SI	1.170,7	140,3	2,3
SK	2.440,0	154,4	8,2
FI	3.632,9	636,5	19,3
SE	4.943,3	713,4	13,5
EU 27	250.411,3	36.021,3	740,3
ME	210,1	5,8	1,0
MK	429,2	12,8	2,6
AL	539,5	41,6	7,6
RS	2.164,8	77,0	9,9
TR	13.099,0	3.512,6	705,8

Source: EC
Notes:
National vehicle stock data do not always include all powered two-wheelers and are therefore not fully comparable between countries.
Tricycles and quads are sometimes included in the data.
Data include buses, coaches, minibuses and sometimes also trolleybuses.
Taxis are usually included.
Stock at end of year, except for BE: 1 August
FR: include private cars < 15 years old

6.6 Motorisation in EU countries, 2020

	Motorisation (number of passenger cars per 1.000 inhabitants)
BE	509
BG	414
CZ	565
DK	466
DE	580
EE	608
IE	446
EL	514
ES	521
FR	567
HR	433
IT	670
CY	645
LV	390
LT	560
LU	682
HU	403
MT	597
NL	503
AT	570
PL	664
PT	540
RO	379
SI	555
SK	447
FI	656
SE	476
EU27	560
ME	338
MK	207
AL	191
RS	315
TR	157

Source: EC
Notes:
Notes: Passenger car stock at end of year n divided by the population on 1 January of year n+1

6.7 Passenger cars per 1.000 inhabitants in EU countries, 2020

	Motorisation (number of passenger cars per 1.000 inhabitants)
BE	510
BG	414
CZ	579
DK	475
DE	583
EE	620
IE	456
EL	536
ES	525
FR	571
HR	465
IT	675
CY	655
LV	404
LT	574
LU	681
HU	415
MT	601
NL	502
AT	572
PL	687
PT	544
RO	400
SI	564
SK	459
FI	656
SE	477
EU 27	567

Source: Eurostat

6.8 Motorcycle registrations in EU countries, 2016-2021

	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
BE	26.015	22.948	25.281	25.503	26.727	26.645
BG	850	829	900	970	824	1.106
CZ	17.842	15.915	17.268	18.697	21.508	22.011
DK	2.987	2.834	3.465	3.208	3.678	3.814
DE	182.066	138.286	153.287	163.370	216.401	195.257
EE	1.145	671	708	824	913	1.132
IE	1.435	1.310	1.369	1.881	1.618	2.256
EL	41.486	28.852	33.377	38.109	35.464	44.437
ES	158.082	141.957	161.535	180.297	158.905	169.577
FR	182.650	170.849	183.669	202.204	195.870	210.497
HR	3.740	4.436	6.057	7.164	5.971	2.155
IT	193.072	204.850	219.673	232.326	216.979	272.040
CY	1.971	1.996	2.023	1.937	2.541	2.939
LV	651	628	806	981	1.028	1.283
LT	4.220	4.614	4.860	5.985	730	1.105
LU	1.733	1.802	1.936	1.194	2.334	2.622
HU	2.356	2.384	3.126	4.160	4.347	4.681
MT	2.470	2.216	2.410	2.447	2.253	3.365
NL	12.575	12.740	13.062	13.964	14.558	15.270
AT	46.840	43.556	40.417	29.877	34.638	35.177
PL	83.250	70.610	75.266	84.195	81.571	81.443
PT	22.596	25.770	29.640	31.901	30.361	35.117
RO	1.957	2.107	2.692	3.908	5.811	6.220
SI	2.801	2.941	3.026	3.332	3.055	3.928
SK	5.094	4.654	4.970	5.310	5.211	5.959
FI	3.107	2.927	3.285	3.396	3.717	3.709
SE	19.842	11.990	12.669	12.772	14.410	11.954
EU 27	1.029.160	935.562	1.006.777	1.079.912	1.091.423	1.165.699

Source: Eurostat

6.9 Transport of passengers per mode - Comparison EU 27/World

Passenger transport (billion pkm)	EU 27 (2020)	USA (2020)	Japan (2019)	China (2020)	Russia (2020)
Passenger car	3.583,0	6.927,1	5,5	464,1	—
Bus, trolley-bus and coach	293,6	515,3	60,1	—	130,5
Railway	227,3	20,0	435	826,6	78,6
Tram and metro	53,9	12,6	—	—	51,2
Waterborne	10,3	0,7	3,2	3,3	0,7
Air (domestic/intra EU)	177,9	1 214,2	94,5	631,1	323,0

Source: Eurostat, Japan Statistics Bureau, US Bureau of Transportation Statisitics, Goskom STAT (Russia), National Bureau of Statistics of China, International Transport Forum

6.10 Motorisation: Comparison EU 27/ World, 2020 ( cars/ 1000 inhabitants)

Source: EC

6.11 Passenger Transport volume and modal split 1995-2019 ( Billion passenger-kilometres)