Passenger Transport 2024

6.1 Transport of passengers by mode in EU 27, 1995-2021 (billion pkm)

	Passenger cars	P2W	Bus & Coach	Railway	Tram & Metro	Air	Sea	Total
1995	3 284	108	468	313	64	237	23	4 496
1996	3 343	110	473	315	65	251	23	4 580
1997	3 412	114	476	313	65	267	22	4 670
1998	3 507	118	478	312	66	280	22	4 783
1999	3 611	121	479	317	67	291	22	4 908
2000	3 660	99	496	339	68	313	21	4 997
2001	3 734	103	496	340	69	311	22	5 073
2002	3 789	104	493	332	69	305	22	5 115
2003	3 826	107	496	327	70	317	22	5 166
2004	3 878	111	500	332	72	338	22	5 253
2005	3 839	114	498	340	73	361	21	5 247
2006	3 875	113	498	349	75	376	21	5 308
2007	3 921	109	508	353	76	392	21	5 381
2008	3 932	114	514	366	79	376	22	5 403
2009	4 009	112	490	358	78	355	22	5 425
2010	3 976	113	482	357	81	371	22	5 403
2011	3 944	117	486	363	81	402	20	5 413
2012	3 905	115	481	366	82	396	19	5 364
2013	3 965	114	480	371	82	398	19	5 428
2014	4 020	117	475	375	82	419	19	5 508
2015	4 111	117	491	381	80	445	19	5 644
2016	4 197	118	495	386	82	485	18	5 782
2017	4 241	112	477	401	84	529	20	5 864
2018	4 261	106	481	407	86	562	21	5 925
2019	4 298	113	485	421	86	575	21	6 000
2020	3 517	101	291	227	52	176	10	4 373
2021	3 742	105	327	265	56	270	14	4 779
1995 -2021	14,0%	-3,1%	-30,1%	-15,2%	-12,8%	13,9%	-39,5%	6,3%
per year	0,5%	-0,1%	-1,4%	-0,7%	-0,5%	0,5%	-2,0%	0,2%
2000-2021	2,2%	5,9%	-34,1%	-21,7%	-18,0%	-13,8%	-35,5%	-4,4%
per year	0,1%	0,3%	-2,2%	-1,3%	-1,0%	-0,8%	-2,3%	-0,2%
2020-2021	6,4%	4,2%	12,6%	16,7%	7,8%	53,6%	32,8%	9,3%

Source: EC
Notes:

Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport; estimates for air and for sea based on Eurostat data. The time series for maritime activity from 1995 to 2004 and for aviation activity from 1995 to 2007 have been recalibrated by DG MOVE in line with the new EU-27 figures to avoid break in series.
P2W: Powered two-wheelers

6.2 Evolution of passenger transport by mode in EU 27, 1995-2021

Source: EC
Notes:
Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport; estimates for air and for sea based on Eurostat data. The time series for maritime activity from 1995 to 2004 and for aviation activity from 1995 to 2007 have been recalibrated by DG MOVE in line with the new EU-27 figures to avoid break in series.

6.3 Passenger transport modal split in EU 27, 2021 (pkm in %)

Source: EC
Notes
Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport; estimates for air and for sea based on Eurostat data. The time series for maritime activity from 1995 to 2004 and for aviation activity from 1995 to 2007 have been recalibrated by DG MOVE in line with the new EU-27 figures to avoid break in series.
P2W: Powered two-wheelers

6.4 Modal split of passenger transport on land by country in EU countries, 2021 ( billion pkm and pkm in %)

	Passenger cars* (billion pkm)	Passenger cars (%)	Buses and coaches (billion pkm)	Buses and coaches (%)	Railways (billion pkm)	Railways (%)	Urban rail (tram & metro) (billion pkm)	Urban rail (tram & metro) (%)	TOTAL (billion pkm)
BE	96,7	84,91	9,3	8,14	7,0	6,12	0,9	0,01	113,9
BG	52,0	88,28	5,0	8,40	1,2	2,04	0,8	0,01	58,9
CZ	87,9	81,88	9,1	8,47	6,8	6,29	3,6	0,03	107,4
DK	58,9	86,31	4,8	7,08	4,2	6,13	0,3	0,00	68,3
DE	791,2	88,48	34,3	3,84	57,5	6,43	11,2	0,01	894,2
EE	13,1	88,91	1,3	8,74	0,3	1,97	0,1	0,00	14,7
IE	53,8	85,50	8,1	12,93	0,9	1,38	0,1	0,00	62,9
EL	97,6	86,26	13,8	12,16	0,7	0,58	1,1	0,01	113,2
ES	281,3	85,66	23,7	7,21	17,0	5,18	6,4	0,02	328,4
FR	718,4	84,97	40,2	4,76	79,5	9,41	7,3	0,01	845,4
HR	23,1	87,53	2,4	9,04	0,5	2,04	0,4	0,01	26,4
IT	518,3	82,01	80,3	12,71	27,7	4,38	5,7	0,01	632,0
CY	6,5	87,28	0,9	12,72	—	—	—	—	7,5
LV	13,4	88,21	1,4	9,04	0,4	2,37	0,1	0,00	15,2
LT	30,9	94,67	1,5	4,45	0,3	0,88	—	—	32,6
LU	7,6	86,31	0,9	10,22	0,3	3,47	0,0	—	8,7
HU	67,4	77,66	12,2	14,05	5,4	6,26	1,8	0,02	86,8
MT	2,5	85,91	0,4	14,09	—	—	—	—	3,0
NL	115,8	88,97	2,9	2,26	10,9	8,34	0,6	0,00	130,2
AT	69,2	75,66	7,7	8,40	8,4	11,40	6,2	0,07	91,4
PL	231,7	85,34	21,1	7,77	15,8	6,70	2,9	0,01	271,5
PT	90,6	90,75	5,7	5,68	2,9	4,10	0,6	0,01	99,8
RO	109,0	80,04	19,7	14,47	4,3	4,50	3,2	0,02	136,2
SI	25,5	90,02	2,3	8,20	0,5	2,50	—	—	28,3
SK	26,7	83,33	3,2	10,06	2,0	7,00	0,1	0,00	32,0
FI	63,6	87,12	6,0	8,22	2,9	5,20	0,5	0,01	73,0
SE	89,5	82,86	8,9	8,23	8,0	8,90	1,6	0,01	108,0
EU 27	3742,24	85,24%	327,01	7,45%	265,24	6,04%	55,54	1,27%	4.390,03

Source: national statistics, International Transport Forum, Eurostat, , study for DG Energy and Transport

6.5 Passenger vehicles in EU countries, 2021

	Stock of registered passenger cars (thousand)	Stock of registered PTW (thousand)	Stock of registered buses & coaches (thousand)
BE	5.927,9	762,6	16,6
BG	2.830,5	212,9	17,7
CZ	6.088,7	1.701,1	20,6
DK	2.787,6	196,9	11,9
DE	48.540,9	4.780,9	80,2
EE	825,9	63,6	5,4
IE	2.250,3	46,6	11,1
EL	5.604,2	1.675,8	26,6
ES	24.913,1	5.724,6	64,3
FR	38.738,6	2.778,0	92,3
HR	1.795,5	161,5	5,2
IT	39.822,7	10.129,3	100,2
CY	592,2	41,1	2,8
LV	758,7	69,1	4,0
LT	1.611,1	69,5	7,6
LU	439,8	33,7	2,3
HU	4.020,2	202,5	17,8
MT	313,2	35,9	2,3
NL	8.827,7	1.887,3	8,5
AT	5.133,8	909,5	10,1
PL	25.869,8	3.169,0	126,5
PT	5.632,6	727,5	15,5
RO	7.611,0	175,8	54,4
SI	1.189,5	145,4	2,6
SK	2.493,2	162,1	8,4
FI	3.667,2	646,1	19,5
SE	4.986,0	801,2	13,6
EU 27	253.271,8	37.309,7	748,1
ME	221,0	6,3	1,2
MK	478,0	15,8	2,9
AL	593,0	45,2	7,9
RS	2.236,0	80,1	10,4
TR	13.706,0	3.744,4	693,7

Source: EC
Notes:
National vehicle stock data do not always include all powered two-wheelers and are therefore not fully comparable between countries.
Tricycles and quads are sometimes included in the data.
Data include buses, coaches, minibuses and sometimes also trolleybuses.
Taxis are usually included.
Stock at end of year, except for BE: 1 August
FR: include private cars < 15 years old

6.6 Motorisation in EU countries, 2021

	Motorisation (number of passenger cars per 1.000 inhabitants)
BE	510
BG	414
CZ	579
DK	475
DE	583
EE	620
IE	445
EL	536
ES	525
FR	571
HR	465
IT	675
CY	655
LV	404
LT	574
LU	681
HU	415
MT	601
NL	502
AT	572
PL	687
PT	544
RO	400
SI	564
SK	459
FI	661
SE	477
EU27	567
ME	358
MK	260
AL	213
RS	329
TR	162

Source: EC
Notes:
Notes: Passenger car stock at end of year n divided by the population on 1 January of year n+1

6.7 Passenger cars per 1.000 inhabitants in EU countries, 2022

	Motorisation (number of passenger cars per 1.000 inhabitants)
BE	506
BG	449
CZ	582
DK	472
DE	578
EE	622
IE	443
EL	550
ES	553
FR	570
HR	478
IT	682
CY	653
LV	409
LT	578
LU	673
HU	426
MT	585
NL	501
AT	566
PL	584
PT	552
RO	413
SI	571
SK	471
FI	660
SE	473
EU 27	563

Source: Eurostat

6.8 Motorcycle registrations in EU countries, 2016-2022

	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
BE	26.015	22.948	25.281	25.503	26.727	26.645	25.563
BG	850	829	900	970	824	1.106	1.464
CZ	17.842	15.915	17.268	18.697	21.508	22.011	23.137
DK	2.987	2.834	3.465	3.208	3.678	3.814	3.163
DE	182.066	138.286	153.287	163.370	216.401	195.257	217.866
EE	1.145	671	708	824	913	1.132	1.536
IE	1.435	1.310	1.369	1.881	1.618	2.256	2.753
EL	41.486	28.852	33.377	38.109	35.464	44.437	55.662
ES	158.082	141.957	163.035	181.760	159.982	171.775	182.294
FR	182.650	170.849	188.029	207.484	201.913	217.712	205.053
HR	3.740	4.436	6.057	7.164	5.971	2.155	3.325
IT	193.072	204.850	219.673	232.326	216.979	272.040	271.062
CY	1.971	1.996	2.023	1.937	2.541	2.939	2.328
LV	651	628	806	981	1.028	1.283	1.434
LT	4.220	4.614	457	589	730	1.105	1.579
LU	1.733	1.802	1.936	2.063	2.334	2.472	2.368
HU	2.356	2.384	3.126	4.160	4.347	4.681	5.274
MT	2.470	2.216	2.410	2.447	2.253	3.365	4.656
NL	12.575	12.740	13.062	13.964	14.558	15.270	15.479
AT	46.840	43.556	40.417	29.877	34.638	35.177	34.175
PL	83.250	70.610	14.524	19.103	21.815	21.579	23.910
PT	22.596	25.770	29.640	31.901	30.361	35.117	38.042
RO	1.957	2.107	2.692	3.908	5.811	6.220	7.778
SI	2.801	2.941	3.026	3.332	3.055	3.928	5.242
SK	5.094	4.654	4.970	5.310	5.211	5.959	7.077
FI	3.107	2.927	3.285	3.396	3.717	3.709	3.800
SE	19.842	11.990	12.669	12.772	14.410	11.954	12.099
EU 27	1.029.160	935.562	947.492	1.017.036	1.038.787	1.115.098	1.158.119

Source: Eurostat

6.9 Transport of passengers per mode - Comparison EU 27/World

Passenger transport (billion pkm)	EU27 (2021)	USA (2021)	Japan (2020)	China (2021)	Russia (2021)
Passenger car	3.742,2	7.485,5	5,5	362,7	—
Bus, trolleybus and coach	327,0	572,9	25,6	—	104,4
Railway	265,2	16,5	263	956,8	104,2
Tram and metro	55,7	7,6	—	—	40,6
Waterborne	13,8	0,4	3,2	3,3	0,4
Air (domestic/intra EU)	270,1	278,1	31,5	652,9	243,3

Source: Eurostat, Japan Statistics Bureau, US Bureau of Transportation Statisitics, Goskom STAT (Russia), National Bureau of Statistics of China, International Transport Forum

6.10 Motorisation: Comparison EU 27/ World, 2021 (cars/ 1000 inhabitants)

Source: EC

6.11 Passenger Transport volume and modal split 1995-2021 ( Billion passenger-kilometres)