Passenger Transport 2021

6.1 Transport of passengers by mode in EU 27, 1995-2018 (billion pkm)

	Passenger Cars	P2W	Bus & Coach	Railway	Tram & Metro	Air	Sea	Total
1995	3 284	108	468	313	64	237	26	4 500
1996	3 343	110	473	315	65	251	26	4 584
1997	3 412	114	476	313	65	267	26	4 673
1998	3 507	118	478	312	66	280	26	4 787
1999	3 611	121	479	317	67	291	25	4 912
2000	3 660	99	496	339	68	313	25	5 001
2001	3 734	103	496	340	69	311	25	5 077
2002	3 789	105	493	332	69	305	26	5 119
2003	3 826	108	496	327	70	317	26	5 169
2004	3 878	111	500	332	72	338	25	5 257
2005	3 839	115	498	340	73	361	25	5 250
2006	3 875	114	498	349	75	376	25	5 312
2007	3 921	110	508	353	76	392	24	5 385
2008	3 932	114	514	367	79	384	28	5 419
2009	4 009	112	490	359	79	363	23	5 435
2010	3 976	114	482	358	81	378	21	5 410
2011	3 944	117	486	364	81	409	19	5 420
2012	3 846	117	482	367	82	402	18	5 314
2013	3 903	117	480	372	82	405	18	5 377
2014	3 956	119	476	376	82	425	19	5 452
2015	4 051	119	486	382	83	451	18	5 589
2016	4 156	120	490	387	85	491	22	5 750
2017	4 210	114	470	401	86	536	21	5 838
2018	4 244	108	475	407	89	569	23	5 916
1995 -2018	29,2%	-0,0%	1,4%	30,2%	40,2%	140,0%	-11,1%	31,5%
per year	1,1%	-0,0%	0,1%	1,2%	1,5%	3,9%	-0,5%	1,2%
2000-2018	15,9%	9,0%	-4,4%	20,3%	31,9%	81,7%	-5,4%	18,3%
per year	0,8%	0,5%	-0,2%	1,0%	1,5%	3,4%	-0,3%	0,9%
2017-2018	0,8%	-4,8%	1,0%	1,6%	3,5%	6,2%	9,4%	1,3%

Source: EC
Notes:
Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport; estimates for air and for sea based on Eurostat data. The time series for maritime activity from 1995 to 2004 and for aviation activity from 1995 to 2007 have been recalibrated by DG MOVE in line with the new EU-27 figures to avoid break in series.

P2W: Powered two-wheelers

6.2 Evolution of passenger transport by mode in EU 27, 1995-2018

Source: EC
Notes :
Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport; estimates for air and for sea based on Eurostat data. The time series for maritime activity from 1995 to 2004 and for aviation activity from 1995 to 2007 have been recalibrated by DG MOVE in line with the new EU-27 figures to avoid break in series.

6.3 Passenger transport modal split in EU 27, 2018 (pkm in %)

Source: EC
Notes
Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport; estimates for air and for sea based on Eurostat data. The time series for maritime activity from 1995 to 2004 and for aviation activity from 1995 to 2007 have been recalibrated by DG MOVE in line with the new EU-27 figures to avoid break in series.
P2W: Powered two-wheelers

6.4 Modal split of passenger transport on land by country in EU countries, 2018 ( billion pkm and pkm in %)

	Passenger cars* (billion pkm)	Passenger cars (%)	Buses and coaches (billion pkm)	Buses and coaches (%)	Railways (billion pkm)	Railways (%)	Urban rail* (tram & metro) (billion pkm)	Urban rail (tram & metro) (%)	TOTAL (billion pkm)
BE	107,3	80,72	13,5	10,17	10,7	8,06	1,4	0,01	132,95
BG	57,2	82,14	9,9	14,18	1,5	2,12	1,1	0,02	69,70
CZ	78,0	66,61	18,1	15,48	10,2	8,73	10,7	0,09	117,05
DK	60,7	81,64	7,1	9,56	6,2	8,33	0,4	0,00	74,39
DE	920,2	83,78	62,5	5,69	98,1	8,93	17,6	0,02	1.098,40
EE	13,3	79,97	2,8	16,71	0,4	2,50	0,1	0,01	16,68
IE	57,2	81,36	10,5	14,94	2,3	3,25	0,3	0,00	70,26
EL	103,4	81,58	20,5	16,21	1,1	0,87	1,7	0,01	126,74
ES	340,6	83,08	32,2	7,85	28,4	6,93	8,7	0,02	409,89
FR	757,1	82,06	57,6	6,24	97,1	10,53	10,8	0,01	922,54
HR	25,6	83,21	3,8	12,49	0,7	2,43	0,6	0,02	30,76
IT	722,9	81,39	103,0	11,59	55,5	6,25	6,9	0,01	888,22
CY	6,8	81,10	1,6	18,90	–		–		8,38
LV	15,3	84,00	2,2	11,87	0,6	3,44	0,1	0,01	18,16
LT	30,1	90,41	2,8	8,52	0,4	1,06	–		33,31
LU	7,8	82,92	1,2	12,39	0,4	4,69	0,2		9,45
HU	63,9	68,54	18,9	20,22	7,8	8,33	2,7	0,03	93,29
MT	2,7	82,47	0,6	17,53	–		–		3,24
NL	144,7	85,17	5,3	3,09	18,9	11,12	1,0	0,01	169,89
AT	78,5	71,93	10,3	9,40	13,2	11,40	7,2	0,07	109,20
PL	212,4	77,99	34,5	12,68	21,0	6,70	4,4	0,02	272,36
PT	95,5	87,47	7,9	7,26	4,6	4,10	1,2	0,01	109,13
RO	103,8	75,21	19,9	14,44	5,6	4,50	8,7	0,06	138,02
SI	27,5	86,43	3,8	11,78	0,6	2,50	–		31,83
SK	28,5	73,40	6,2	16,09	3,8	7,00	0,3	0,01	38,77
FI	66,8	83,51	8,0	10,00	4,5	5,20	0,7	0,01	79,99
SE	116,0	81,54	10,0	7,02	13,5	8,90	2,7	0,02	142,27
UK	672,7	84,80	36,8	4,63	69,7	8,00	14,1	0,02	793,28
EU 28	4916,53	81,83%	511,38	8,51%	476,89	7,94%	103,55	1,72%	6.008,35

Source: national statistics, International Transport Forum, Eurostat, estimates, study for DG Energy and Transport
Notes:
Data is not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable. 2018 data may be provisional. Data sometimes includes activity of foreign vehicles performed within the country, therefore EU aggregates might be affected by double-counting. Generally vans are not considered in this table, but there may be exceptions.
FR: passenger-km include transport activity on the territory of vehicles not registered in France. Includes foreign vans.
UK: data refer to Great Britain only; include pkm by vans
DE: includes DE-E: 1970=24.5, 1980=56.0, 1990=90.3
DK: figures exclude activity of vans with a mass higher than 2000 kg.
PL: estimated activity

6.5 Passenger vehicles in EU and selected countries, 2018

	Stock of registered passenger cars (thousand)	Stock of registered PTW (thousand)	Stock of registered buses & coaches (thousand)
BE	58.68,59	649,22	16,17
BG	27.73,33	190,00	20,82
CZ	5.748,00	1.132,08	22,03
DK	2.594,47	199,23	13,16
DE	47.095,78	4.438,60	80,52
EE	746,50	54,50	5,00
IE	2.127,83	40,20	10,94
EL	5.406,55	1.609,92	26,48
ES	24.074,15	5.393,20	64,91
FR	32.034,00	3.034,00	100,71
HR	1.666,41	157,36	5,88
IT	39.018,17	9.354,74	100,04
CY	550,70	39,76	3,08
LV	693,39	55,90	4,63
LT	1.430,52	45,27	7,52
LU	415,15	30,64	2,04
HU	3.641,82	176,07	19,13
MT	300,14	27,33	2,11
NL	8.530,58	1.895,92	9,72
AT	4.978,85	847,36	10,04
PL	23.429,00	2.852,80	119,00
PT	5.282,97	616,08	15,49
RO	6.452,54	136,44	51,80
SI	1.143,15	130,94	2,83
SK	2.321,61	140,45	9,07
FI	3.494,84	613,74	18,52
SE	4.870,78	673,72	14,38
UK	32.493,30	1.265,10	112,10
EU 28	26.9183,11	35.800,54	868,12
ME	206,45	5,70	1,46
MK	415,06	13,34	3,20
AL	460,03	33,66	7,15
RS	1.999,77	64,90	9,88
TR	12.398,19	3.211,33	706,05

Source: EC
Notes:
National vehicle stock data do not always include all powered two-wheelers and are therefore not fully comparable between countries.
Tricycles and quads are sometimes included in the data.
Data include buses, coaches, minibuses and sometimes also trolleybuses.
Taxis are usually included.
Stock at end of year, except for BE: 1 August
FR: include private cars < 15 years old

6.6 Motorisation in EU and selected countries, 2018

	Motorisation*
BE	512
BG	396
CZ	540
DK	447
DE	567
EE	563
IE	434
EL	504
ES	513
FR	478
HR	409
IT	646
CY	629
LV	361
LT	512
LU	676
HU	373
MT	608
NL	494
AT	562
PL	617
PT	514
RO	332
SI	549
SK	426
FI	633
SE	476
UK	488
EU28	524
ME	332
MK	200
AL	161
RS	287
TR	151

Source: EC
Notes:

*number of passenger cars per 1.000 inhabitants

Passenger car stock at end of year n divided by the population on 1 January of year n+1

6.7 Passenger cars per 1.000 inhabitants in EU countries, 2019

	Motorisation*
BE	511
BG	407
CZ	554
DK	455
DE	574
EE	598
IE	454
EL	504
ES	519
FR	482
HR	425
IT	663
CY	645
LV	381
LT	536
LU	681
HU	390
MT	597
NL	499
AT	—
PL	642
PT	530
RO	357
SI	556
SK	439
FI	642
SE	473

Source: Eurostat

*number of passenger cars per 1.000 inhabitants

6.8 Motorcycle registrations in EU countries, 2010-2019

	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019
AT	21.510	22.750	24.808	26.020	25.192	24.891	29.763	24.893	25.955	27.654
BE	24.270	25.043	23.921	20.648	20.681	21.577	23.621	21.390	23.932	24.205
BG	–	–	127	173	116	169	–	–	–	–
CY	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
CZ	–	–	–	12.102	12.442	13.424	14.086	12.330	13.943	15.134
DE	122.394	127.009	127.603	129.756	141.623	151.661	174.624	140.667	156.110	166.676
DK	3.258	2.032	1.983	1.869	1.936	2.417	3.139	2.806	–	–
EE	244	299	364	409	449	489	609	511	595	721
EL	59.638	44.785	31.805	28.522	30.951	32.468	38.632	27.473	32.575	37.168
ES	134.297	119.438	97.944	92.409	111.463	132.539	155.004	136.180	159.872	177.037
FI	6.054	5.692	4.986	3.967	3.467	3.157	3.022	2.829	3.203	3.323
FR	198.086	185.122	169.644	148.203	153.324	153.242	163.335	162.808	177.247	197.470
HR	–	–	–	–	1.510	1.511	1.811	2.216	2.779	3.237
HU	2.453	2.091	1.957	1.989	1.886	2.093	2.204	2.274	3.051	4.061
IE	1.042	831	663	441	800	1.022	1.470	1.311	1.371	1.718
IT	306.307	254.906	206.303	154.100	156.539	172.066	195.405	204.579	219.744	231.712
LT	230	281	224	241	294	294	390	367	414	557
LU	1.255	1.306	1.201	1.566	1.734	1.654	1.783	1.838	2.006	2.130
LV	278	472	494	477	589	595	642	624	791	1.022
MT	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
NL	12.848	11.660	10.611	9.570	10.667	11.673	12.855	13.057	13.474	14.378
PL	8.719	8.957	7.760	7.394	9.848	23.865	25.823	15.025	14.550	19.200
PT	18.896	18.937	17.180	14.594	15.424	17.611	19.760	24.809	28.326	29.857
RO	558	469	555	521	593	648	952	1.115	1.525	2.159
SE	9.023	8.219	7.602	7.780	8.378	9.422	13.220	9.716	2.347	2.333
SK	2.018	1.660	1.643	1.292	1.707	1.855	2.074	2.269	5.280	5.745
SI	–	1.960	1.920	2.840	–	5.309	5.565	4.923	10.367	10.754
UK	81.397	79.721	80.874	81.646	91.509	105.717	119.889	97.713	100.411	101.273
EU 28	1.029.160	935.562	822.172	748.529	803.122	891.369	1.009.678	913.723	999.868	1.079.524

Source: ACEM

6.9 Transport of passengers per mode - Comparison EU 27/World

Passenger transport	EU 27 (2018)	USA (2018)	Japan (2017)	China (2018)	Russia (2018)
(billion pkm)
Passenger car	4.243,8	7.804,1	–	928,0	–
Bus, trolley-bus and coach	474,6	624,7	69,8	–	122,5
Railway	407,2	37,5	437	1.414,7	129,5
Tram and metro	89,5	24,6	–	–	48,4
Waterborne	23,4	0,8	3,3	8,0	0,7
Air (domestic/intra EU)	569,3	1.175,5	102,0	1.071,2	259,4

Source: Eurostat, Japan Statistics Bureau, US Bureau of Transportation Statisitics, Goskom STAT (Russia), National Bureau of Statistics of China, International Transport Forum, estimates (in italics)
Notes:
USA: Including light trucks / vans
China: passenger-kilometers of highways including buses and coaches
Japan: included in railway pkm

6.10 Motorisation: Comparison EU 27/World, 2018 ( cars/1000 inhabitants)

Source: EC
Japan: 2017 data

6.11 Passenger Transport volume and modal split 1995-2018 in EU27 ( Billion passenger-kilometres)